"f.s.d.V. " stands
for "full-scale-deflection voltage", it is the maximum voltage
the meter can measure without the aid of an external resistor. The f.s.d.I.
is f.s.d.V.divided by R.
An ammeter can be converted from
a meter of small full-scale-deflection current by connecting a small resistor
in parallel with it. This small resistor is known as a shunt. A
large portion of the current being measured will then flow through the
shunt.
A voltmeter can be converted
from a meter of small full-scale-deflection voltage by connecting a large
resistor in series with it. This large resistor is known as a multiplier.
A large portion of the voltage being measured will then drop across
the multiplier.